Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing importance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to check here conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (

Gold sputtering targets are essential components in various thin-film deposition processes, owing to their exceptional properties. These targets, often made of high-purity gold, are used in a sputtering system to generate an ionized plasma that deposits a thin layer of gold onto a substrate. The resulting gold films exhibit remarkable durability, m